The deal covers a wide range of goods. Exemptions from tariffs include aircraft and parts, certain chemicals, generic medicines and cork, which will be granted Most Favoured Nation (MFN) treatment. Steel and aluminium, however, remain subject to a 50% tariff.
Particular attention is focused on the automotive sector. European cars and parts are currently taxed at 27.5% but are set to fall to 15% retroactively from 1 August 2025. This reduction is conditional on the EU introducing reciprocal tariff-lowering procedures for selected US goods by the end of the summer.
“The continuity of operations for European automotive firms and their suppliers is tied to the speed of EU legislative work,” said Andrzej Polkowski, Customs Manager at DSV.
Freight markets have so far remained stable. However, analysts warn that the real test will come in September, when post-summer demand returns. Japan’s experience, following a similar deal signed on 22 July, may offer some indication: freight rates from Asia to US West Coast ports fell by around 48%, from USD 6,000 per TEU in June to about USD 2,390 per TEU.
Customs procedures are also expected to become more complex. Standard 15% tariff goods require no major changes in documentation. However, MFN zero-for-zero products will need additional paperwork to prove eligibility, potentially leading to longer clearance times.
Polkowski noted that “well-documented supply chains will allow companies to adapt more quickly to the new regulatory environment,” adding that stricter verification of product origins will be required, particularly for goods containing components from countries subject to high tariffs, such as China.
According to data from Poland’s Central Statistical Office (GUS), the US accounted for 3.3% of Poland’s exports in 2024. Exporters sending goods directly to the US are among those expected to feel the effects of the new procedures most strongly.
Unresolved issues remain, including adjustments to the EU’s carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) and harmonisation of safety and phytosanitary standards.
